UPDATE: Thanks to user comments, it turns out the easiest way to do this is with this command:
git add -u
Otherwise, feel free to read the example below for an alternative approach...
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So today I was updating the filefield module in Drupal 6 with Drush (drush up webform), this worked great, as usual. However, my Drupal site is under source control with GIT. So after updating the module and running 'git status' I was presented with a whole bunch of changes. Something like this:
git status